Essay --

Many people get deported each year, this situation can be prevented, but umpteen do not expect money for an attorney or do not simply know their rights. Many Mexicans cross the rim of the join States for the American Dream. There are more than 11 million irregular immigrants living in the U.S (Huffington post, 2012). This issue has been escalating for years. There are many opponents to illegal immigration. Many people believe that those that break the law by crossing the border illegally or those who overstay their visas should be immediately deported and not have the right to become a U.S citizen. One major contribution to the growth of the agricultural economy was the creation of the Bracero Program (Carlos Marentes and Cynthia P. Marentes, 1999). A historical example is that on August 4, 1942, the U.S. and the Mexican govern ment united to make the Bracero program (Carlos Marentes and Cynthia P. Marentes, 1999). Many had abandoned their home and headed to the U.S to work as B raceros. More than 4 million Mexican kindle laborers came to work in the fields (Carlos Marentes and Cynthia P. Marentes, 1999). The Mexican migrant workers have been the foundation for the development of the rich American agricultural industry (Carlos Marentes and Cynthia P. Marentes, 1999). Many farm laborers arrived to the U.S as hard working and extremely skilled. The majority of the workers had a high experience in the field labor, because many came from agricultural regions of Mxico. The majority of the men stopped harvesting their lands and growing food for their families, because they had an illusion that they would be able to earn a high amount of money in the U.S. The Bracero contracts were controlled by unconditional farmers associations and the Far... ...ob, risk their life, and who work for over more than 10 hours a day. Many Americans believe that they should stay in their homeland and have their own government kettle of fish with the situation that Mexicos citizen s are in need of jobs and money. The sad truth is that their government does not care. America is known for the land of opportunities. Those who cross over to the United States come here for a reason. Not to only find a better job, but to also lead their children to the college path. To have their children obtain an education, in which many cases most Latinos cannot get an education when working is their only option, it is something that in Mexico is hard to achieve. The government of the United States should stop promoting harmful media to make Americans believe Latinos are gravid people. When in reality they are in this country to work hard, just as any American.

Fly in Buttermilk Essay -- essays papers

Fly in ButtermilkJames Baldwin is a very perceptive man and usually gets his point across pretty well. In his excerpt A Fly in Buttermilk, Baldwin discusses his encounter with a southern family. This family includes a modern black male who is enrolled in an all white high school. He asks of the boys troubles and discusses his responses. For the very first words of this excerpt Baldwin states You can fill up the child out of the country, but you cant take the country out of the child. This bases on the whole excerpt. For my own interpretation I took this as a self-reflection upon one own environment. I know personally from my own experiences that the environments in which I was raised in from my parents and friends to my living in a city and a suburb reflect my opinion of what others speak of. What you are accustomed to become the normal and what you are not accustomed to become the odd. For example, in this excerpt Baldwin duologue to an old man of the south. Baldwin tells of how he has seen picture of people being hung in the south, but this old man has actually experienc...

Ecommerce :: Essays Papers

Ecommerce The Internet has caught on like wild fire. No virtuoso ever intended for it to be so commercially successful. In the beginning, its main purpose was to send and receive messages no one anticipated that one-day people could obtain books and cars over a computer. Though with the advancement of certain technologies, this has happened. E-commerce is a worldwide commodity that has taken the place of trips to the supermarket and has given us the freedom to conduct melodic line at out house in our pajamas.To fully understand what e-commerce is, you must first understand where it came from. It all started with the DOD (Department of Defense) in 1996. After the Cold struggle the Government wanted a reliable line of communication. If a network colligate became damaged by enemy attack, the information on it could be rerouted mechanically to other links. This was the birth of the Internet. In order to use anything on the Internet, it is required that you learn to ope rate a separate program, one for the mail, one for news groups, and some(prenominal) different programs for accessing databases.This all changed in 1989. A researcher at CERN (a long European physics laboratory) named Tim Berners-Lee started to work on hypertext. By using hypertext he could link together all the different kinds of information available on the Internet.Berners-Lee called the software pack the World Wide Web.For the World Wide Web to work, each pageboy has its own address that the web recognizes using a system called HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol). Each page has to be written with a special expression called HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). This language tells the computer how to display a page. Now with the invention of the web, Businesses can use pictures to help sell their merchandise online, And now that the Internet is everywhere- in schools, libraries, and even cafes anyone can order just about anything from anywhere.It is now easier than ever to have and start your own web page anyone form a big corporation or even the average joe can build his for her own web page. Just like Jeff Bezos, Time magazines Person of the form of 1999. With a loan from the bank, Jeff founded Amazon.com in his garage and helped start e-commerce, as we now know it.

Love Canal Essay -- History Love Canal Research Papers

Love CanalWhen one thinks about an environmental disaster, the image of a large explosion in a highly industrial area comes to mind. Such is not the case in the Love Canal compulsion. Unlike most environmental disasters, the events of Niagara Fallss Love Canal werent characterized by a known and uncontrollable moment of impact. It developed over a period of several decades, since the effects of leaching chemicals is uncertain and slow in festering and the visual effects are very limited. This disaster could have been identified earlier or later for as far as the rest of the cosmos was concerned there was no emergency until the authorities made it public. The importance of Love Canal is that acknowledging the danger that existed made the country and world aware of the hazards of cast out toxic waste disposal sites. The events that led up to President Jimmy Carter and the New York Department of health declaring Love Canal the nations first federal emergency for a nonnatural enviro nmental disaster extend all the way back to the 1890s when the entrepreneur William T. Love wanted to build a duct to supply power to a utopian industrial community called Model City (Deegan 329). However, Loves dreams were crushed with the discovery of alternating electrical current which enabled manufacturing plants to be fit(p) further away from their sources of energy. Yet, Niagara Falls still became a center of chemical manufacturing due to the large amount of cheap electrical energy available. One of the chemical companies that was attracted to the area was Hooker Electrochemical Company (now a division of Occidental Petroleum Corporation), who in 1942, with the permission of the Niagara Power and Development Company began using the a... ...the synthetic rubber risk is worth assuming and that is something that each individual has to decide for themselves. In the meantime, it is up to companies, like Occidental/Hooker and the government, like the EPA or Department of Health to maintain safe production limits and methods of disposal, so that another such environmental disaster wont take place in the future. Works CitedDeegan, John. Looking Back at Love Canal. Environmental Science and Technology 21 (1987) 328-331.Hoffman, Andrew. An Uneasy Rebirth at Love Canal. Environment 37 (1995) 5-9. Levine, Adeline. Love Canal Science Politics, and People. mamma Lexington Books, 1982. Phibbs, Pat. N.Y. state begins 5-year Love Canal health study that includes noncancer effects. Environmental Science and Technology 31 (1997) 81A. http//web.globalserve.net/spinc/atomcc/lovecana.htm

Emily Brontës Wuthering Heights :: essays research papers

The purpose of this paper is to assess the novel, "Wuthering Heights," by Emily Bronte, particularly inside the context of the character, Catherine. Catherine plays a prominent role end-to-end "Wuthering Heights." For the most part, it is her love of Heathcliff which represents the crutch of the human struggle encountered by Catherine, as well as other characters throughout the story -- but especially Catherine. Curiously, relationships of that period were more often than not governed by social convention. The relationship between Catherine and Heathcliff is an exception to this...while, ultimately, one Thrushcroff Grange attracts Catherine, and thusly leads her to twine from her true nature. It is difficult to separate the character from the author, noting that the authors childhood was basically isolated and gloomy, and Catherine herself, is a truly private individual. It is this sense of privacy, in my opinion, that supersedes any other figure throughout the st ory. To understand this sense of inwardness, one must explore the novel itself. The story begins in the early 1800s (c. 1801) and one Mr. Lockwood removed from the narrative. The novel begins to take shape, and after some degree of reading, when we realize what is happening at Wuthering Heights in conjunction with Thrushcroff Grange. Soon afterwards, Nelly Dean makes her appearance, while she herself is somewhat unpreceptible. Overall, content and building is rather fractured, although a so-called Satanic hero begins to emerge as a creature of darkness as well as rebellion and passion. Conversely, pressures on Heathcliff are internal. Results of his life emanate from his orphan years in Liverpool and his horrific treatment at Wuthering Heights. The author underscores the violence and darkness of man...even to such a old and universal degree that it is impossible to overcome. In the beginning, Mr. Lockwood visits his landlord. He is a new tenant at Thrushcroff Grange and finds him self to be most unwelcome. His treatment by the landlord, Mr. Heathcliff, the servants, and even the dogs is little than welcoming. Heathcliff is something of a paradox. He exhibits the manners of country squire, urbane and handsome although aloof and private. Wuthering Heights itself is basically an old farmhouse and its namesake comes from the weather which it has had to endure. Overall, I found this book to be extremely personal, and almost eccentric. By eccentric, I mean the views that are put forth are very private and even difficult to understand.

Emily Brontës Wuthering Heights :: essays research papers

The purpose of this paper is to assess the novel, "Wuthering Heights," by Emily Bronte, particularly within the context of the character, Catherine. Catherine plays a prominent role end-to-end "Wuthering Heights." For the most part, it is her love of Heathcliff which represents the crutch of the human struggle encountered by Catherine, as well as other characters throughout the story -- but especially Catherine. Curiously, relationships of that period were much often than not governed by social convention. The relationship between Catherine and Heathcliff is an exception to this...while, ultimately, one Thrushcroff Grange attracts Catherine, and thusly leads her to stray from her true nature. It is difficult to separate the character from the author, noting that the authors puerility was basically isolated and gloomy, and Catherine herself, is a truly private individual. It is this sense of privacy, in my opinion, that supersedes any other factor throughout the sto ry. To understand this sense of inwardness, one mustiness explore the novel itself. The story begins in the early 1800s (c. 1801) and one Mr. Lockwood removed from the narrative. The novel begins to take shape, only after some degree of reading, when we realize what is possibility at Wuthering Heights in conjunction with Thrushcroff Grange. Soon afterwards, Nelly Dean makes her appearance, while she herself is somewhat unpreceptible. Overall, content and structure is rather fractured, although a so-called Satanic molar begins to emerge as a creature of darkness as well as rebellion and passion. Conversely, pressures on Heathcliff are internal. Results of his life emanate from his orphan long time in Liverpool and his horrific treatment at Wuthering Heights. The author underscores the violence and darkness of man...even to such a primal and universal degree that it is impossible to overcome. In the beginning, Mr. Lockwood visits his landlord. He is a new tenant at Thrushcroff Gran ge and finds himself to be most unwelcome. His treatment by the landlord, Mr. Heathcliff, the servants, and even the dogs is less than welcoming. Heathcliff is something of a paradox. He exhibits the manners of country squire, processed and handsome although aloof and private. Wuthering Heights itself is basically an old farmhouse and its namesake comes from the weather which it has had to endure. Overall, I found this book to be extremely personal, and almost eccentric. By eccentric, I miserly the views that are put forth are very private and even difficult to understand.

My Personality and Learning Style

My Personality and Learning Style My personality type is ISTJ which is introverted, sensing element, thinker, and judger. Introverted people are more likely to be reserved, private and more likely to work alone than with groups. Social events are not a strong characteristic of an introvert which prefers to be in a calm quiet location with relatives and solitude. Sensors tend to prefer problems with a set of guidelines that state facts of data directly and analyze through example or experience. Thinkers believe that rational and logical thinking over emotional feelings.Judgers need structure and balance their m and schedule precisely. Which can be managing people or working with a set of specific instructions and goals. I believe that the personality type sieve is accurate in describing my Personality. The test states that I am sixty percent introverted which means that i prefer working alone and reflect on my thoughts. Introverts might not ask questions and rely on others to a sk for them but if i know there is something i dont understand and absolutely cant figure out by myself thats when i ask a question.I feel that personality can have a big impact on your grades, for example extroverts are more likely to talk during a teachers lecture and cause them to daughter some data. While introverts tend to keep more thoughts to themselves and are more likely to pay attention in class. Having a clear understanding of how you image and discriminate information which can be more efficient in less time wasted. V. A. R. K is visual, aural, convey, write and kinesthetic. The mode you process or perceive information in the classroom can define the grade you earn.My preferred choice of sensory is reading and writing because i like write and read notes over several times. Memorizing information, notes and study material is my most effective way of assuring that i pass my exams. You can have more than one way of learning through your sensors which is called multimo dal are not necessarily smarter but just prefer multiple modes of learning which is purely based on preference. Being successful in the classroom for myself begins with paying attention to the information the professor tries to relay.Sitting in the front of the classroom is important to me because I know it gives me an service over someone who sits in the back where it is difficult to hear. The first thing I do when I arrive to the classroom is copy the notes the teacher has create verbally on the board or screen. I sense it will be important to know unless told otherwise by the instructor. Knowing I prefer the sensor over intuition i will more than likely choose a class and degree where the information is directly stated with facts and concrete data over a class where theory and imagination is involved.Personality and learning style plays an important role in your education. Students tend to perceive information different way and rates. The students who have compatible learning s tyle with the teachers teaching style will retain information better and be efficient in learning. Every teacher might not have the same teaching style but if you take steps to adapt you will increase your chances of doing intimately in the class. Talk to the instructor and counselors so youre learning needs can be met and prevent you from failing the class.

Grant v Australian Knitting Mills Essay

The material facts of the caseThe underclothes, consisting of two pairs of underpants and two siglets was bought by appellate at the shop of the respondents. The retailer had purchased them with other stock from the manufacturer. The appellant put on one suit and by the evening he matte up itching on the ankles. Next day a redness appeared on each ankle. The appellant treated himself with calomine lotion but the irritation was such that he scratched the places till be bled. He carried on with the underwear (washed). His skin was getting worse, so he consulted a dermatologist, Dr. Upton, who advised him to discard the underwear which he did. He was confined to bed for a long time. The rash became generalized and very acute. When he felt sufficiently recover he resumed his medical practice, but soon had a relapse. His condition was so serious that he went into hospital. The illness was most severe, involving acute suffering, and at times Dr. Upton feared that his patient might die. The appellant bought action against the respondents, claiming damages on the ground that he had contracted dermatitis by reason of the improper condition of underwear (presence of an irritating chemical free sulphite, in the cuffs or ankle ends) purchased by him from the respondents, John Martin & Co., Ld., and manufactured by the respondents, the Australian Knitting Mills, Ld.Judgements/opinions in the case1) In their Lordships judgement the retailers are liable in contract of sale. The facts set out show negligence in manufacture. If excess sulphiteswere left in garment, that could only be because someone was at fault and the appellant is not required to lay his finger on the exact person who was responsible, or to specify what he did wrong.2) The end treats negligence, where there is a duty to take care. In Donoghues case the duty was deduced simply from the facts relied upon article issued to the world, used by the party in the advance in which it was prepared and issued with out it being changed in any way and without there being any warning of, or means of, detecting, the hidden danger. There was no personal intercourse between the maker and the user but the duty is personal, because it is inter partes (between parties), it needs no interchange of words, spoken or written, or signs of mountain pass or assent. The want of care and the injury are in essence directly and intimately connected. The word control in D. case is used to accentuate the essential factor that the consumer must use the article exactly as it left the maker, and used it as it was intended to be used (control, of the maker, until it is used artificial, because they part with all the control when they sold the article).3) In D. case can only be applied when the defect is hidden and unknown to the consumer. The presence of the deleterious chemicals in the pants, due to negligence in manufacture, was a hidden and latent defect, just as much as the remains of the snail in the opaque feeding bottle it could not be detected by any examination that could reasonably be make. Nothing happened between the making of the garments and their being worn to change their condition. The garments were made by the manufacturers for the purpose of being worn exactly as they were worn in fact by the appellant it was not contemplated that they should be first washed.4) D. was a case of food/drink to be consumed internally, but there is no distinction. The garments were made to be worn next to skin. Lord Atkin specifically puts as examples of what is covered by the principle he is enunciating things operating externally, such as an ointment, a soap, a cleaning fluid or cleaning powder.5) The decision in D. fundamentally depended on the point that the article should reach the consumer or user subject to the same defect as it had when it left the manufacturer, and this was true for garment.

Duty of Care in Health and Social Care

Duty of c atomic number 18 is a legal obligation for each individual in the health and social trouble setting that requires them to vex to a standard of reasonable dread. Ensuring they dont put their service substance ab exploiters or themselves in any danger.In the workplace there argon policies and procedures, agree standards, codes of utilization and other legislation a care worker should follow.In a care workers job role you would be responsible for devising authorized the service users demand are met to the best of your ability making sure the service user does not come to any harm and also making sure they are involved in their care plan. Promoting services users choice and rights to the best of your ability. You would be responsible for assessing come-at-able put on the lines.You must remain professional throughout you role making sure you are ad-hearing to confidentiality, keeping up to date and accurate records of the care you lay down or are providing to service u sers.If you are not sure about any part of your work you or have concerns then you must speak to the manager straight away to make sure that no mistakes are made.Duty of care is central to all that you do at work, it is not something extra.Q 1.2 Explain how certificate of indebtedness of care contributes to the safeguarding or protection of individuals?A 1.2Duty of care contributes to the safeguarding or protection of individuals by keeping individuals safe whether it is illness, abuse, harm or injury. We screw do this by involving families, health care professionals and other external agencies into the individuals care plan.Duty of care is a legal requirement and there are policies, procedures, code of conduct and legislation around safeguarding and protecting your service users. Following these guidelines is showing that we are providing the best care possible.If you are doing activities with service user you should always do risk assessments making sure that the service user is aware of any risks also.Q 2.1 disembowel potential conflicts or dilemmas that may arise between the duty of care and an individuals rights?A 2.1Potential conflicts or dilemmas between the duty of care and individual rights is about enabling service users rights to do what they want to do but making them aware of risks and the harm to others. You cannot stop the service user from making a choice. We all take risks in everyday life for example walking across the road.When there are concerns about and service users capacity to understand risks and consequences of their actions there is an Incapacity Test to assess the capacity. If the service user does not have the capacity then it is down to the tribe caring for the service user to make decisions. It is easy to assume that a service user does not have the capacity to make decisions based on their disabilities.A potential conflict or dilemma that may arise is if a service user wishes to smoke. The service user has the right to smoke and for an area to be set up for them to smoke but you can also make them aware of the risks involved orharm to others that can be caused.Another conflict or dilemma which may arise is if a mental health patient is refusing to take medication. The patient has the right to refuse to take medication but as a care worker your duty of care is to try and explain the risks and harm that can be caused by the patient not taking their medication. You can seek uphold from other professionals i.e. Psychologist, GP, Mental health nurse, Family members (as they may listen to the family more than than professionals because they may feel that professionals are trying to harm them.).When tradeing with dilemmas or conflicts it helps to seek advice and guidance from other people such as colleagues, manager, service users family members, and other professionals connected with the individual.Q 2.2 Describe how to manage risks associated with conflicts or dilemmas between an individuals rights and d uty of care?A 2.2You can carry out a risk assessment that involves the service user so they fully understand the risk/s they are taking. If the service user still wishes to take the risk then you have to try and make it as safe as possible for them to do so, by doing this you are meeting your obligation to provide duty of care. Update care plans and paperwork to show that you have explained the risks to the service user.Q 2.3 Explain where to get additive support and advice about conflicts and dilemmas?A 2.3There are many different ways to receive extra support to help with dilemmas and conflicts. You can ask colleagues as they force have had to deal with a similar situation or may have other ways to help. Line manager as they aremore experienced, other professionals working with your service user i.e. doctor, social services, schools or colleges, counselling service who may know how to . You are never alone in making a decision where there are conflicts or dilemmas.Q 3.1 Describe how to respond to complaints?A 3.1Explain to the service user the procedure for making a complaint.Listen to what the individual is reflexion without interruption and assure the client that you are interested in their concern.Reassure the person that you are willing to do something about their complaint and are glad that they have brought it to your attention.Never make excuses, get angry or blame other staff.Provide the service user with information and advice on how you are going to deal with the complaint and in what time scales. Making written details of this also.Report the complaint to your line manager and reflect on the complaint to improve your professional development.Q 3.2 Explain the main points of agreed procedures for handling complaints?A 3.2There are two ways to make a complaint verbal and non-verbal. If a complaint is made verbally you should usually deal with this complaint straight away unless you are unable to do so, at this point you would ask you line manager or another colleague for help to deal with the complaint.If someone makes a non-verbal complaint there is usually a procedure in place to respond to the complaint within a true timescale usually 2-3 days. Usually the manager will respond to these type of complaint. However it is important to find out what went wrong and how, this is usually done in a meeting with the complainant and the investigating manager. The next phase would be about putting the complaint right and making sure that they do not breathe again. When complaints are handled in this way it is referred to as local Resolution.If the complainant is not satisfied with how the complaint has been resolved they can complain to the Local Government Ombudsman to be investigated further. Complainants can also complain to the care quality commission.As a care worker you will be given a policy and procedure on how to handle complaints this is usually in your code of practice.

Health Care System of Taiwan and the United States

Health Care Systems of mainland China and the fall in States Health business organization is one of the most essential foundations for any(prenominal) citizenship in any country since whether it is effective or not, it definitely affects the standard of living and the life expectancy of a country. According to Johnson and Stoskopf (2009), A health system as depict by the World Health Organization (WHO) is the sum total of all the organizations, institutions, and resources whose primary purpose is to improve health, (p. 3). Therefore, to positively improve a nation, having an effective ealth care system is crucial.Being recognized as one of the powerful countries in the world, the get together States has a great shape of health care programs however, round metres it is inaccessible to some of the citizens. On the contrary, as a small country, Taiwan is famous for its health care system although there are still defective parts exist in the current system. To compare the differen ces of health care systems in Taiwan and the United States, we can observe the three major aspects ownership, live, and quality. First of all, Taiwan and the United States have different types of ownership in the health care systems.Thus, Taiwan owns a single-payer system, which is run by the government, forcing everyone to Join it and pay. Because of this policy, the coverage of health care is finishing to 99 percent (Underwood, 2009). In this country, the government-run system covers prevention, primary care, hospitalization, Chinese massage, acupuncture, traditional herbal medicine, mental health care, dental, vision, and hanker-term care. Unlike Taiwan, the United States possesses several types of ublic and reclusive funding systems Medicare and Medicaid are the two main public funded plans for Americans.There is also abundance of private insurance companies for people to choose, but they usually have a long list of pre-existing conditions, which restricts many patients sinc e they are unable to receive health care insurance. Although the United States contains public and private programs, nearly 15. 6 percent of Americans had no health insurance in 2003, (Samuel D. , 2010). Secondly, the cost of health care for Taiwanese and Americans is divergent. Thus, Taiwan spends approximately 6 percent of G. D. P. on health care plot of ground the United State spends about 16 percent of G.D. P. (Seth B. , 2009, p. 1). Moreover, in Taiwan, people merely have to pay small amount of money set by the Bureau of National Health Insurance (BNHI) for each aesculapian service received, and the BNHI will cover the rest of the payment (Taiwan Health Care Reform Foundation, 2010). As a result, no one in Taiwan goes bankrupt due to the medical bill. Unlike Taiwanese, a lot of Americans undergo bankruptcy since they cannot afford their medical bills. Finally, the quality of health care in Taiwan is not the same as that in the United to turn to.Moreover, there is no waiting t ime for patients which highly enhances the effectiveness of health care. The competition between public and private hospitals improves the quality. Furthermore, every Taiwanese who is under the coverage has a Smart Card an electronic health record, which is required for patient to bring along when seeing a doctor. The nurses would scan the card and all the medical record of that patient would appear clearly. It is a paperless system that improves treatment nd reduces redundant process of paperwork.Different from Taiwan, the insurance companies in the United States limit the patients in what doctors and hospitals they can go to, and it is necessary to set up an appointment in advance. In conclusion, it should be underscored that the ownership of health care systems plays an important role for a country because it might affect the entire system. The cost determines whether or not the citizens of the country are able to pay for the bills. The overall quality is a critical aspect of hea lth care system since it ight every directly or indirectly influence a patients well-being.It is quite difficult for me to conclude which one of the health care systems is more effective due to the incident that Taiwan and the United States are distinctive in many ways, such as population and country size. Nevertheless, there are still several aspects that the United States can learn from Taiwan for instance, studying other nations health care system. Before deciding on a health care system, the experts in Taiwan carried out research on several successful countries programs and eventually established its wn in 1995.

A Model of Image Creation and Image Transfer

Today, although still representing a sm entirely percentage of the overall promotional budget, the outlay of rumination dollars for sponsorship castles Is growing rapidly (Parker, 1991 Candler and Shank, 1989 Scott and Chard, 1992). Not only are todays sponsorships more(prenominal)(prenominal) sophisticated (I. E. , more than simply the donation of cash for issuing resultion alone virtually firms are expecting a reasonable return on their sponsorship dollar in the form of increased gross sales (Octahedron and Van Kirk, 1992).While firms enter into sponsorship arrangements with a variety of goals, 2 of the most important are to increase denounce cognisance and to establish, effectualnessen, or change dent forecast Crowley, 1991 Marshall and Cook, 1992 Meghan, 1991 Memorable teal . , 1991). Recently, these goals stomach been theorized to be important in the development of customer- base pit equity, defined as the variantial effect of pock knowledge on the consumers pu rchase decision (Keller, 1993).In Sellers conceptualization, dirt knowledge (which drives customer-based grass equity) Is a function of both the consumers awareness of the brand and the Image(s) associated with that awareness. In particular, the variability, strength, and uniqueness of the brand associations play a critical role in determining the differential response (Keller, 1993, p. 8). Brand awareness is achieved by exposing the brand to as many po tennertial consumers as possible (Asker, 1 991 ).Sponsorship activities present multiple opportunities for achieving awareness objectives, and much of the enquiry to Image creation pattern one hundred forty-five International marketing Review, Volvo. 14 No. 3, 1997, up. 145-158. MAC university press, 0265-1335 International Marketing Review date in the sponsorship literature has focused on awareness issues much(prenominal) as sponsor recall (e. G. McDaniel and Kinney, 1996). Regrettably, less attention has been given to payoff and brand ikon issues.A number of questions exist regarding the effect of sponsorship promotional activities on brand and shell picture. For example What factors contribute to an answers image? Do consumers associate an shells image with sponsoring brands? If there is an image association mingled with effect and sponsor, is there a theoretical explanation that put up be used to understand this linkage? If there is an image association among lawsuit and sponsor, what factors support (strengthen or weaken) this family? How does item image model attitude towards the brand? Although attempts at measuring the return on the sponsorship investment founder been made (e. G. , total solvent at workance, exit polls, sales fol depressive disordering the event, and number of media mentions), an understanding of how sponsorship works has yet to be developed (Octahedron and Van Kirk, 1992 Cavalry et al. , 1994 Memorable teal . , 1991 Parker, 1991). The purpose of this article is to present a model explaining the mechanisms by which brand image whitethorn be impacted through sponsorship activities.Specifically, drawing on the theory of meaning rareness from the distinction secondment literature, a model is presented which suggests the factors involved in creating an events image and the subsequent transfer of that image to the sponsoring brand. Furthermore, near(prenominal) factors are identified that whitethorn moderate the relationship between event image and brand image. While the focus of this article is on the conceptual development of image transfer in sponsorship, a variety of question propositions are offered to guide future empirical inquiry.A framework for the transfer of event image Model conceptualization and overview Brand image has been defined as perceptions closely brand as reflected by the brand associations held in storehouse (Keller, 1993, p. 3). Keller suggests that the variability, uniqueness, and strength of the associations are critical to a brands success. Brand associations are developed from a variety of sources including product use, in geological formational sources (e. G. , advertising, packaging, word-of-mouth), and association with other entities.The association with other entities source is of particular relevance to sponsorship activity. Keller has suggested that when a brand requires associated with an event, some of the associations linked with the event (e. . , youthful, relaxing, enjoyable, disappointing, sophisticated, elite, etc. ) may become linked in memory with the brand. This transfer of associations is invariable with research in the renown phiz process. Initial research regarding celebrity second gear focused on the credibility and attractiveness of the message source (I. E. Celebrity) to explain the persuasive nature of endorsers. That is, more credible and attractive endorsers were viewed as more persuasive. However, McCracken (1989), pointing to conflicting research resul ts, suggested that bit effectiveness is better explained by the meanings consumers associate with the celebrity endorser and subsequently transfer to the brand. McCracken uses the term meaning to describe consumers overall assessments of what a celebrity represents based on counterblasts sun as social class, gender, age, personality Ana Testily. In individual characteristics (e. . , regal, trashy, maleness, strong, caring, sexual, irreverent, wise) are integrated to define the meaning of the celebrity. Meaning which has been accumulated through their roles in television, movies, military, athletics, ND other careers is thought to reside in celebrities (McCracken, 1989, p. 315). According to McCracken, the meaning attributed to celebrities moves from the celebrity endorser to the product when the two are paired in an advertisement. That is, meanings associated with the celebrity become associated with the product in the mind of the consumer.To complete the meaning transfer process, consumers acquire the meaning in the product through consumption. This process is illustrated in look 1. 147 Figure 1 . Meaning movement in the endorsement process McCracken (1989) meaning in celebrities is analogous to Sellers (1993) event associations. Following the convention set off by Keller with reference to brand image, this article uses the term event image to represent the cumulative interpretation of meanings or associations attributed to events by consumers.A comparison can be drawn between celebrity endorsers and events. Just as consumers associate celebrities with certain meanings, so too are events associated with particular attributes and attitudes. It is suggested here that these associations are derived from the events font, event characteristics, and several individual consumer factors. This is not unlike the meaning attributed to a celebrity being formed by the various roles he or she occupies.For example, event associations attributed to the annual simoleons Blues Festival (a food and musical extravaganza drawing over 500,000 people) might include tradition, celebration and civic pride. Extending this concept of meaning transfer from the celebrity endorser literature, it is suggested that events act in a manner analogous to endorsers in the transfer of image to sponsoring brands. The framework presented in Figure 2 theorizes from McCracken celebrity endorsement model to suggest that International Marketing Review 14,3 148 Figure 2.A model of image creation and image transfer in event sponsorship event image is formed from a number of external and internal factors. Through sponsorship, an events image, which may be relatively distinct for different consumer groups, may be transferred through association to the sponsoring product. As indicated in the figure, several factors may moderate the strength of this image transfer. This discussion leads to the offering of the first research proposition Pl Through sponsorship, an events image gi ve become associated with the sponsoringDragon s Image. Determinants of event image An events image is represented by a particular market segments overall subjective perceptions of the activity. The proposed framework suggests three factors that may impact ones perception of a particular event event type, event characteristics, and individual factors. Event type . In accordance with the earlier definition, event type can be categorized into at least five areas sports related, music related, festival/fair related, fine arts related (e. G. Ballet, art exhibit, theatre, etc. ), and captain meeting/ lot show related. The type of event impacts event image in a variety of ways. First, it conjures up image associations in the mind of the consumer. That is, most individuals, through past patronage or other forms of exposure (word-of-mouth, television, etc. ) allow for develop some attitudes (I. E. , corroborative or negative predispositions towards an event) regarding particular events. These attitudes exit serve to frame the image of the particular event type.Note however, that ones attitude towards an event is only one part of an events image. Ones attitude towards an event represents a summary of experiences resulting in some mineral predisposition to respond to an event in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner. Thus, event attitude is an enduring paygrade (Cohen, 1990). While an events image leave be strongly influenced by ones attitude towards the event, event image exit also be impacted by non-evaluative perceptions of an event that are formed through associations held in the consumers memory (Keller, 1993).In this sense, event image reflects the meaning of the event for an individual, and can be characterized using descriptive labels that represent a summation of ones perceptions. These labels, termed image associations, would include youthful, mature, carefree, adventurous, educational, social, traditional, single(a), common, liberal, conserva tive, high class, family oriented, children oriented, cerebral, athletic, artistic, pride, political, etc. Thus, event image can be thought of as a collection of image associations.In gain to past experiences and other indirect exposures, it is likely that new experiences will establish ones perception of event image. In fact, image perceptions formed from the most recent event experiences will likely be the most influential in shaping ones overall event image receptions (Baggage and Warsaw, 1990). New experiences can be divided into two types the specific activities engaged in or discover and all interactions with other event attendees/participants and event staff.It is through these two experiences that past event images may be changed or modified and new image associations can be added. The specific activities engaged in or observed may be the same for all participantsl (e. G. , attendees at a soccer match) or quite varied (e. G. , the individual rides and attractions selected at a local festival), depending on the type of event. Regardless of the simile of experiences, the inwrought issue is that a given consumers specific event experiences or observations will shape their perceptions of event image.It is also argued here that the number and type of other participants will bedevil an impact on ones evaluation of the events image. For example, the number of spectators may impact ones assessment of the success of the event. Perhaps events may be viewed as more fortunate when they draw more attendees. In Alton, ten under AT participants may Impact perceptions AT crowding, event availability, and wait times. Type of participant represents the demographic and cryptanalytic characteristics of others attending the event.The attendees at some events represent relatively homogeneous market segments in terms of social class, family life cycle, age, gender, political affiliation, etc. For example, spectators of professional golf tournaments may be middle aged , white males, with above median incomes. In other cases, events draw heterogeneous types of participants. Just as other customers can have a substantial impact on consumers perceptions of service firms, so too can other participants have an impact on ones event experiences and bequest assessment of event image (Bitter et al. , 1994).These factors, perceptions based on past experiences, event activities, and the number and type of spectator/participant, constitute one aspect that will serve to shape consumers overall subjective perceptions of a given event. Based on the above discussion, several research propositions are suggested 149 International Marketing Review 14,3 150 App instantly experience and/or indirect information (word-of-mouth, advertising, etc. ) with an event type will influence event image. Pub The specific activities experienced or observed during an event will influence event image.PC The number and type of other spectators/participants will influence event image . Event characteristics. Within a given event type (e. G. , music concert series, trade show, etc. ), a number of characteristics will vary from event to event. The level of the following five event characteristics will likely influence consumers perceptions of an events overall image event size, professional place of participants (professional or amateur), tradition/ invoice associated with the event, event locale, and promotional fall outance.Event size can be considered along a number of dimensions, including Engel of event, level of media exposure (local, regional, national, international), number of performers (if relevant), and amount of physical space occupied. The same type of event, for example electronic industry trade shows, can vary along all of these dimensions, creating different images for the same event type. Likewise, other event characteristics such as the professional status of performers (professional versus amateur) or the venue in which the event is staged (e. . , temperature, convenience, physical condition, etc. ) will impact ones overall assessment of the events image. One could theorize that, in most cases, perceptions of quality, legitimacy, and attendance desirableness will be higher(prenominal) with long running, large, elaborately staged events, featuring professionals in attractive and convenient venues. The perceived promotional appearance of a brands sponsorship activities may appear anywhere along a spectrum from advertiser to benefactor.A perception towards the benefactor end of the spectrum may lead to increased feelings of goodwill towards the brand because it is perceived as donating money to make the event possible (McDonald, 1 ) conversely, tanner may De a negative reaction to ten Americanization of events that have not been sponsored in the past. These events may be perceived as selling out to the corporate world. This has become especially true in the Arts, where some individuals feel that sponsorship (corporate or governmental) of the Arts leads to censorship Jacobson, 1993 Wood, 1996) .However, referable to increasing costs, it has become even more critical for events to obtain outside sponsors in order to continue to exist. To employ full advantage of the goodwill aspects, the sponsoring brand may need to educate attendees regarding the beneficial role sponsorship plays in event production. Due to its association with the event, a sponsoring brands promotional claims can be legitimated, which serves to increase the believability of the promotional message (McDonald, 1991). Additionally, a sponsoring firm may be perceived as making an event possible for the consumer (Chew, 1992 McDonald, 1991).The perception may be especially strong for small events which often have thornyy securing financial support. In this sense, the consumer does not view the sponsorship as a form of promotion, but rather the sponsoring brand is seen as providing a service to the attendee and a level of dowdily is generated by the firm. Again, the skepticism that can be associated with traditional advertising may be circumvented. Brands that are viewed as benefactors will be seen in a more favorable light. The consumer may even feel the need or desire to requite by purchasing the brand.Following from the above discussion, the following research propositions are suggested App Event size will influence event image. Pub Professional status of participants will influence event image. PC Tradition/history associated with the event will influence event image. Pad Event venue will influence event image. Pee Promotional appearance will influence event image. Individual factors. Because of the large number of factors influencing event image and the unique manner in which participants may interpret those factors, an event may have different images for different individuals. Qualitative research has revealed each sport to have its own individual image, and sponsors will tend to benefit from image transf er accordingly (Parker, 1991, p. 26). Three individual factors are suggested here that may impact event image the number of images an individual associates with an vent the strength of the particular image and the past history one has with a specific event. This last factor differs from the past experience factor discussed under event type. former(prenominal) history refers to the unique experiences associated with a specific event, whereas past experiences refers to encounters with a general event type.Events that consumers perceive as having multiple images will be more touchy to associate with a unity identity. This will be compounded when the meanings are of a conflicting nature. Thus, an individual with many event associations may have a hafting image of the event, depending on which association is currently most salient. Related to this is that images can be very strong or relatively weak. It is likely that a single strong image will dominate over several weaker ones. This w ill cause an event Image to De consistent over time, out Limits ten reality Tanat multiple Image associations would confer.Finally, an individuals personal history with a particular event may have an impact on ones perception of an events image. A long history will typically lead to a more ingrained and consistent image. An individual that has attended or has been associated with an event for a substantial time current may also have nostalgic feelings that become associated with the events image. Events that have multiple or vague images pose problems for a firms sponsorship selection decision because it becomes more difficult to predict the image that may become associated with the event, and ultimately transferred to the product.The above discussion leads to the following research propositions App Individuals associating an event with a large number of images will have difficulty identifying a consistent event image. 151 International Marketing Review 14,3 152 Pub Individuals wi th a single, strong image association will have consistent event images over time. PC Individuals with a single, strong image association will have less rich event images. Pad Individuals with long-term appointment in an event will hold a consistent event image for that event.This section has identified three broad areas (event type, event characteristics, and individual factors) that influence the creation of an events image, although there may be some event image determinants not explicitly discussed in the previous section. It is likely that any unrepresented actors could be accommodated within the proposed areas. The next section discusses constructs that may moderate the relationship between event image and brand image. Moderating variables in the model Potential moderating variables presented in the model are discussed in two sections.In the first section variables potentially impacting the strength of the image transfer from event to brand are discussed. As such, variables pertaining to the formation of strong memory associations ( point in time of similarity) and exposure to the sponsors message (level of sponsorship and event frequency) are discussed. The second section on moderating rabbles examines how ones involvement with a product may moderate the impact of the events image on brand attitude. Attitude towards the event and attitude towards the brand are conceptualized and discussed as being components of event image and brand image, respectively.Although not illustrated in Figure 2, these attitude components should be considered as a part of each of the respective image boxes in the figure. Moderators between event image and brand image This section will discuss three moderating variables impacting the strength of the transfer between an events image and the image of a sponsoring brand. As indicated above, the basis of the relationship is the meaning transfer between these constructs and it is this process that the moderating variables are prop osed to influence.The first moderating factor to be discussed in the image transfer process is the degree of similarity between the event Ana ten sponsor. A product can nave letter Atonally or Image related similarity with an event. Functional similarity fares when a sponsoring product is actually used by participants during the event. An example of this type of similarity is Valentines sponsorship of automobile racing. The link is established because, apart room being a sponsor, Valentines motor oil products are actually used by many of the participants during the event.The second type of similarity is termed image related, and occurs when the image of the event is related to the image of the brand. An example of this type of linkage is Pepsins sponsorship of the 1993 Michael Jackson World Concert Tour. Here the similarity comes from the youth and excitement orientation of both the music and the product. Interestingly, some sponsors do not appear to be linked to the events they sp onsor. For example, the USAF&G Sugar Bowl combined a large insurance firm with a collegial football game.It is suggested here that either functional or image based similarities forge stronger ties and stand by the consumer to link the event image with the brand. Thus, sponsor- event similarity (functional or image based) will enhance image transfer by more firmly anchoring the relationship in the consumers mind. This assertion is consistent with some celebrity endorsement literature which suggests that MIS-matches between endorser and brand decrease the effectiveness of the endorsement (Katie, 1987). A second factor that may moderate the image transfer from event to sponsoring brand is the level of sponsorship.Sponsorship arrangements can run the gamut from a single sponsor to hundreds of sponsors at many different levels. Multiple sponsors for a given event lessens the prospect that a particular brand will be associated with the event, due to the additional stimuli each consumer must attend to and recall (Hutchinson and Alba, 1991). Often, events allowing multiple sponsors will offer different levels of sponsorship. By contributing different dollar amounts to the event, the sponsor can buy enhanced packages. These enhancements include better sign/banner location, more frequent media mentions, and allowance kicked and hospitality packages.Exclusive sponsorship, or at least a dominant position, will increase the likelihood of meaning transfer from the event to the sponsoring brand by more firmly establishing the link between event and brand. The frequency of the event will also have an impact on the image transfer process. Events may be on either a one-time or recurring basis. Although a onetime event does not allow recurring event-sponsor associations to be developed over time, some events may be of such a unique nature that they attract a great deal of media attention (e. G. , Hands-Across-America). However, an ongoing event (annual, semi-annual, monthly, etc. Should have the benefit of more firmly establishing a link between the event and the brand due to repeated exposures (Manacling et al. , 1991). The above discussion leads to the following research propositions App The higher the degree of similarity (image or functional based) between event and sponsoring brand, the more effective the image transfer between event and brand. Pub The more exclusive the level of sponsorship, the more effective the image transfer between event and brand. PC The more frequent the event, the more effective the image transfer between event ND brand.Image creation m Ode I 153 Moderators between event image and attitude towards the brand As discussed previously, ones attitude towards the event will help to shape ones image of the event. Thus, event attitude is a component of event image. Likewise, attitude towards the brand is considered under this framework as a International Marketing Review 14,3 154 component of brand image. Indeed, recent conceptual izations of brand image include an attitude component (Keller, 1993). As such, the model presented in Figure 2 suggests that event image will have an impact on attitude towards the brand.However, might there be situations in which this relationship is moderated by another factor? denote research with endorsers has demonstrated that product involvement level (defined as the level of personal relevance a product has to a consumer, resulting from the perceived level of gamble associated with the products consumption or non-consumption) can impact the attitude formation process (Petty et al. , 1983). Specifically, we have shown that when an advertisement denoteed a product of low involvement, the celebrity status of the product endorsers was a very potent determinant of attitudes about the product.When the advertisement concerned a product of high involvement, however, the celebrity status of the product endorsers had no effect on attitudes, but the cogency of the information about t he product contained in the ad was a powerful determinant of product evaluations (Petty et al. , 1983, p. 143). Following from this research, level of product involvement should moderate the relationship between event image and attitude towards the brand, such that event image will have a large impact on brand attitude for a low involvement product.The influence of event image on brand attitude can be understood further by considering the type of persuasion process likely to occur. Petty and Capacious (1986) elaboration likelihood model (ELM) suggests that persuasion can occur along two routes. The rudimentary route to persuasion occurs when an individual bases product evaluation on diligent consideration of information that a person feels is central to the true merits of an issue or product (Petty et al. , 1983, p. 144).The second route to attitude change, circumferential, suggests that change may also occur through the association of the object with positive or negative cues (e . G. , expert source, pleasant surroundings, forceful presentation, etc. ). This conceptualization of the peripheral persuasion route is consistent with Sellers (1993) position of links in memory being established between an event and the sponsor. One characteristic of sponsorship that distinguishes it from some other promotional methods is its indirect nature (McDonald, 1991).That is, the sponsorship is, at best, a secondary concern (behind the actual event) for the participant. Furthermore, other than the brands name and/or logo, seldom is any type of commercial message associated with the firms products. Thus, sponsorship would appear to operate along Petty and Capacious peripheral persuasion route due to this indirect nature, and lack AT available cognizant International. Emplace tests AT ten ELM model suggest Tanat ten central route to persuasion is more effective for high involvement goods, while the peripheral route has a higher impact on low involvement goods (Petty et al. , 1983).Theorizing from the ELM, one could conclude that when the sponsoring brand is a low involvement product, event image will be a potent force in determining brand attitude. Conversely, the promotional benefit, in terms of attitude change, for high involvement products appears to be small. Product involvement is only likely to be applicable when the sponsorship is focused at the brand level, as opposed to the sponsorship focus being at the firm level. The discussion in this section gives rise to the following research propositions App Brand attitudes of low involvement goods will be strongly influenced by event image.Pub Brand attitudes of high involvement goods will be weakly influenced by event image. PC Persuasion processes from event sponsorship take place on the peripheral route. Implications for practice and research Implications for practice Several implications for marketing practice can be drawn from the proposed model. First, firms should consider more than simply the number of potential customers their sponsorship signage and other identifiers will reach. It is important to consider the image of the event, as this image may become associated with the brand.An events image can be assessed through a variety of methods. However, given its potentially ambiguous and transitory nature, qualitative methods in the form of reconditeness interviews, focus groups, and projective techniques, are likely to provide the best view of how consumers perceive a given event. Event organizers might take it on themselves to conduct such studies and use the results to recruit potential sponsors. In the course of such research, event organizers may find that the image of their event is not what they thought.Furthermore, it would be wise for event image studies to take place on a regular basis to assess changes in event image over time. This would allow event organizers to take corrective action in a timely manner. The proposed model suggests a variety of event image d eterminants that could be manipulated to position a given event in a different light. In terms of the sponsoring rand, the model suggests several aspects of sponsorship that should be considered when deciding on potential event affiliations.One aspect that should be considered, in light of image transfer benefits, is the degree of similarity between the event and the brand. Brand awareness benefits are likely to accrue regardless of similarity levels, but it has been argued here that image associations will be more likely when some link exists, either image or functional, in the consumers mind. Firms looking to add sponsorship activities to their promotional mix should also consider the level of pensioners and frequency of the event.Although most firms will look at these aspects with an eye towards the total dollar commitment, it may also be wise to consider the meaning transfer implications. As discussed previously, exclusive sponsorships in events occurring on a frequent basis wil l likely maximize the image transfer potential of the sponsorship purchase. Finally, firms should consider whether image transfer benefits will actually have any influence on consumers attitudes towards their brand and ultimately their purchase intention. The model suggests that, in terms of impacting a

Film Techniques against the Theme of “Change” Essay

How ar we made awargon of the filmmakers locating towards change over? Refer to three specific episodes from the film. (excl. concl. stages)In Pleasantville, the filmmaker, Gary Ross, conveys his pose towards change through the characters of David and Jennifer who are transported into the 1950s sitcom Pleasantville. He doesnt necessarily demonstrate change to bear a positive result rather, he addresses that change is essential to the development of society and egotism and that it is important to understand and accept change. Ross contrasts the ignorance and mindlessness of the unchanged multitude of Pleasantville with the hunger for knowledge that the changed (or coloured) people possess, communication to the viewer that change and knowledge go roll in hand.Ross also portrays and somewhat satirises an unchanged societys people to be rationaled by their own mindlessness, and in their epiphany, translates to the viewer that change can come from within or from a right smart on es self but is different for everyone. muddy overtones are used to parallel the Pleasantville to a society under fascist rule. However, in the end, change impart always affect everyone and this new savvy will help to overcome the changes encountered in the prox that may seek to detriment the society. The three mental pictures which will be discussed in relation to the filmmakers attitude towards change are the breakfast scene, the classroom scene, and the rain scene.The breakfast scene is the scene whither Betty is piling food on other food and topping it tally with maple syrup for Mary-Sues breakfast. The earreach is overwhelmed at the ridiculous amount of food that is being placed on her plate, which is shown by extreme close-up and cuts of the clefts of every term some other food item is slapped onto the plate, and is accompanied by an upbeat music. The auditory modality knows that the person under the guise of Mary-Sue is Jennifer, stereotypical of an American teenage girl, so she is naturally relate about her weight and watches the food she eats. The scene is ironic because such a big breakfast is the subscribe to type of meal she would be trying to avoid.The scene is also hyperbolic as even in the 1950s, it would be consideredridiculous to eat such a variety of foods for just one morning meal. The uncut non-diegetic music cartridge holderd with the quick shots of food being placed on the plate, and the jump-cuts showing the reactions of a horrified Jennifer when seeing all this food, assist create situational humour. The soil that all these techniques create been used to create humour is to present a sitcom-style situation. In doing this, Gary Ross satirises the mindlessness of the unchanged people and this becomes important as the storyline progresses.The breakfast scene is also a place which symbolically informs the audience of the current circumstances of Pleasantville. Betty is piling food which would normally be considered tasteful by the audience once in a while and individually pancakes, salami, bacon and eggs. This is what could be represented in the say Too much of a skinny thing is neer good. The incongruous mix of foods is intentionally used by the filmmaker to make the audience feel uncomfortable. It is symbolically stating that there are too many good things in Pleasantville. There is also a sense that this is the situation everyday, meaning there is no change.This can be inferred from the ease and comfort with which Betty is placing the food on Mary-Sues plate. It is as if she has been doing this her whole life. The final food item is the syrup being slowly poured onto all the other foods, which is shown for a longer amount of time than the other foods and with the music becoming slower, almost as if poison. This symbolises the seedy sweet mannerism which has consumed the people of Pleasantville. Ross is effectively trying to convey the bitterness of a sickly sweet society who has never seen anyth ing other than the norm and has never experienced any change.This suggestion can be furthered in the discussion of the films black-and-white technique. The black-and-white technique is not just important in the distinguishing of changed people from unchanged people. It was conventionally used in Noir films to represent the disgraceful overtones of the society. It is used as a motif in Pleasantville for the majority of the beginning of Jennifer and Davids adventure (until things start to change, that is). This is especially significant with all the subtle implicationsand allusions to a Nazi-style dictatorship. For example, the burning of books is reminiscent of that in 1936 when the German government burnt all books which would oppose its rule, in fear that the society it governed would think of rebelling.Big Bob is the distinct ruler, as he is almost always seen with a low shot, making him look big and powerful to the audience. Bobs situation is similar, burning books to delay ch anges occurring. Books are seen as works of art which are derived from the imagination of thinking people. Bobs censorship practices extend to the prohibition of Mr Johnson from using colours to pigment (that is, from using the full extent of his imagination) in his Code of Conduct. In this way, he is much like the German government in the 30s. However, he wants to continue his rule without any violent opposition only pleasantness.There is irony however, as there is vandalism and disruption when the Milk Bar is broken into and sabotaged because of his encouragement, which is the exact opposite of pleasant. The fact that people submitted to this way of life (where everything is sickly sweet) without opposition before (before changes were introduced) shows that they were not ruled by Bob, but really by the restrictions they placed on themselves. Bob is only used to embody the fears and restrictions and ignorance that the Pleasantville society possesses. The filmmaker is trying to con vey through these situations and allusions that those who resist change are blind and are ruled by their own ignorance.The classroom scene when the students are learnedness about the geography of Pleasantville encapsulates the nature of the whole Pleasantville society. The students are used to learning the same thing everyday (since they already know the answers to the questions). The mise en scene of the students positions is incongruous. They are high school students but have their backs straight and behaving as if they are in kindergarten. They seem very comfortable, though, but when Jennifer confronts the teacher with the question Whats outside of Pleasantville? they are shocked.A panning shot from the point of view of Jennifer shows the reaction of the class, and the mutism adds to the tension. After the teacher assures the students that there is nothing outside of Pleasantville, and that the roads begin wherethey end, a sigh of relief ripples uniformly throughout the class. This reaction illustrates how fearful the students are of change and questioning the norm, since it is unknown and unfamiliar. The fact that the students have no appetite for knowledge is related to their inexperience of change. Thus, Ross is effectually demonstrating that change and knowledge go hand in hand.Later, in the Milk Bar, when everyone is questioning David about the fire, the same students show a thirst for knowledge. The way they keep pressing David to tell them about places outside Pleasantville is contrasted to the classroom scene. Again, the technique of silence is employed, but this time in a freer atmosphere with curiosity instead of fear and with non-diegetic music which depicts a cheeky mood. It depicts the way David is about to break the rules by allowing people to know information that he thinks they shouldnt because it will throw their whole universe out of whack. In this way, Ross illustrates to the audience that change is about development rather than the re sults produced (whether positive or negative).The classroom scene creates an interesting contrast to the classroom scene in the real human race. At school, students are assured their futures are crystal clear both predictable and wonderful. In the real world, David and Jennifer were being constantly reminded of the negative things in the future by the teachers Employment will go down thirty percent in the next five yearsGreenhouse emissions This gave a very sore outlook of the future, and the zooming and simultaneous cutting of shots of different classrooms added to the feeling of impending doom.In Pleasantville however, everyones futures are predictably wonderful. The characters, without having developed an understanding of change, are at a loss when they find themselves feeling emotions and thinking for themselves. For instance, when Mr Johnsons artworks are exposed, people become enraged and frightened and consequently violence occurs. This symbolises how these unchanged and un developed people dont know what to do when circumstances change. Ross is trying to show the audience that it is important to develop and understand change, because it will help in the handling of future problems.The rain scene is the scene where, after the emergence of the storm, it suddenly starts raining and very important events are taking place. One of these events involve the time when David and Margaret are kissing at Lovers Lane. When rain suddenly starts pouring, David placates everyones fears by going out into the rain and holds his arms up to the sky, as if embracing the weather. The scene is a cinematic homage to the film Shawshank Redemption, depicting the part after Andy Dufresne has escaped from the prison and is now a free man. It is by all odds a turning point in the film Pleasantville and is seen as a revelation. The allusion is symbolic because, just like Andy Dufresne, the kids at Lovers Lane have escaped the grey walls that once held their thoughts and are now free to think and feel emotions. The next morning they all wake up coloured (except for David). Ross here is suggesting that change sets people free, and resistance to change is resistance to thought and passion.This assertion is further developed near the end of the movie in the courtroom scene. Gary Ross assumes the vowelize of David to speak to the audience. Here, the technique of monologue/speech is cleverly used Its all inside youAnd you cant stop something thats inside of you Ross is saying that these people restricted themselves from thinking and feeling emotions but they have always had the potential to be different, feel passionately and think independently. He directly states that change comes from within Jennifer and David were merely triggering the changes to happen.Ross also implies that change is different for everyone. The aftermath of the storm shows David is still in monochrome. The shot of his reflectance in the lake up to him contrasts to the coloured environmen t. The reflection is symbolic in that it shows Davids silent desperation while searching deep within himself to find a change. Jennifer experiences a similar problem. The dialogue surrounded by her and David is important. Ive had like ten times as much sex as these girls and Im still in black and white. Davids reply is that possibly it is not about sex. The audience later finds that Jennifer finally changes colour when she starts reading books and puts on her glasses. The symbolism of the glasses is that her perception of the world changes and hence she changes.A panning shot most her room shows the newcolour, and finally a photograph of her alter ego, Mary-Sue, is in colour, meaning she has changed. Davids physical and individual transformation is completed when he finally starts standing up for whats right and takes actions against whats wrong. When he punched Whitey, he took action to fight for Betty, and the audience witnessed the first drop of blood in the whole film, showin g Davids furious passion. Soft music depicting a revelation accompanies this shot, demonstrating that he has found what he was seeking change in himself. The over-the-shoulder shot of his back and the mirror is reminiscent of the lake scene and symbolic not only has he found himself but he has left his other self behind him. Ross here asserts that people change for different reasons and that change inevitably affects everyone so they can have a better understanding of themselves and the world around them.In conclusion, the filmmaker Gary Ross conveys his attitude towards change through David and Jennifer and the effect of their presence on the town. He stresses that change is essential to understanding the world, but most of all, understanding and accepting ourselves. Ross uses various allusions to show the control the citizens of Pleasantville were once under, and then to show that they have broken free, and that in the end, everyone is inevitably affected by change. He employs ch aff to compel the audience to have a negative view of those who are resistant to change, and to take a liking to the characters who embrace change. Ross asserts that everyone must change in order to live their lives to the fullest extent.Pleasantville (1998) directed by Gary Ross

Bribery Scandal @ Siemens

Case Analysis by Steve Akana steve. emailprotected edu BUS 685 Global Business Management Case 1 The Bribery Scandal at randomness AG Over billet The report give analyze the case learning and discuss the bribery scandal at sec AG. The author of the case study paints a picture of a successful and arguably predominate multi-national detainly, with a reputation for a war chest of competencies and innovative products. The obvious question, then, is why would a firm with this resume and list of global achievements become involved with corruption and criminal behavior?Therefore, the case study raised questions lots(prenominal) as the accountability of senior managers to the rampant corruption occurring in global divisions. analysis On November 15, two hundred6, 30 offices and private homes were raided by 200 police officers, tax inspectors, and prosecutors in Munch and some other cities in Germ both to investigate suspected bribery, embezzlement of play along funds, and tax ev asion. Five reciprocal ohm employees were taken into clutch in connection with the case. Swiss prosecutors were also involved in the raids because they had an independent investigation on lead people connected to Siemens, which launched in 2005.As a result, there was 420M of questionable payments made over a sevenyear menstruum from 1999 to 2006. Official Siemens records showed the payments as having gone to external consultants. It was determined, however, that the funds were actually paid to foreign purchase officials and that the expenditures coincided with the procurement of fixed-line line telecommunications demarcation in various international markets, including Italy, Puerto Rico, Greece, and the United States. Siemens acknowledged that indisputable company employees were engaged in fraud, and the damage to the company could be around 10-30M.Because of the fraud Siemens was weighed down(p) with an additional 168M in income tax charges since 1999. Their net profit was re stated from 3. 106B to 3. 033B. By the spring of 2007, two former Siemens managers were convicted of embezzlement of company funds (6M) for the purpose of bribing foreign officials to advance a natural-gas turbine contract. The employees argued that their actions did not violate any uprightnesss, resulted in no personal gain, and were taken solely for the purpose of improving Siemens positioning.They argued that they worked only to secure a lucrative deal in which the payments were required by Enel management as part of the old-hat bid process. In fact, Siemens AG argued that the court order requiring forfeiture of earnings from the contract, prior to 2002 when the German government instituted a law prohibiting bribes to private officials abroad, specifically, had no basis in law. Analysis It took approximately 200 government officials, made up of police officers, tax inspectors, and prosecutors to indite five Siemens employees.The result was that the company was fined 30M, which was approximately 7% of the issue forth 420M in bribes Siemens paid out. Combined, Siemens lost a extreme of 450M in 2006. Therefore, the company had to restate their net acquire for 2006 from 3. 106B to 3. 033B. The adjustment was a mere 1. 4% of their total net profits in 2006. Two Siemens employees gave out bribes deserving 6M in order to win contracts. The punishment for these briberies was a fine of 44M however, the contract awarded to Siemens was worth 450M.Therefore, the companys gain was a profit of 406M. The penalties Siemens paid were roughly 10% of the overall profit made from the contract. So was it worth it for Siemens to engage in criminal behavior? The punishment they received of paying fines varying up to 10 percent were only a drop in the bucket compared to the profits they gained. So from the sales booth of a Siemens employee who is willing to carve up the law in order to gain large profits, it was decidedly worth it.As a matter of fact, if a company antici pates the percentage of penalties that will be applied for recess the law, they could actually build that figure into their contract award fee and then move on with the byplay as usual. Furthermore, in addition to the financial repercussions Siemens experienced, the case study also mentioned damages to their reputation. In the end, however, Siemens growing profits did not reveal any decreases due to a damaged reputation. By 2011, Siemens ended up making more money than they had in the last five years, since 2007. From 1999 to 2006, their feature net income was 26. 3B (over seven years), and from 2011 to 2007, their combined net income was 31. 95B (over five years). Discussion Questions 1. Is unethical behavior the cost of doing business? What exactly is the role of Senior Managers? 2. Was Siemens penalized enough? Should fines be used as a interference to bribery? Are these the effects of the absence of adequate laws or weak enforcement practices? 3. Relativism vs. Normativism (C o-Determination Law). Relativism is the idea that ethics and morality are based on the context of a situation the people involved, and their beliefs.Normativism is the idea of universal law based on what is good for everyone alike. So in this situation, would it be more appropriate to view Siemens actions in the context that they were simply trying to make profits? Conversely, would it be more appropriate to view the situation as what might be good for one company is not good for others, creating an cheating(prenominal) playing field? Would you apply relativism or Normativism to this case study when examining the Co-Determination Law? 4. Can you discuss in your own words, what is the difference between lobbying and bribery?Recommendations 1. Executive Ethics Program Mandate that anyone equal to or above a director level to undergo a specialized business ethics and regulations computer programme for executives. We should hold the government responsible to provide this training. T he program would be taught by people who enforce the law, such as litigation lawyers and prosecutors. Training the people in the company at the level where the bribes derive from is much more appropriate than mandating a company-wide training where only lower level employees will end up receiving this training. 2.Levy Stricter Fines Any company caught giving bribes for any reason will not be allowed to keep the profits they made as a result from the contracts won. The fines the company will owe to the government will be the equivalent to the gains received or the potential value of the contract being awarded. If the company is found guilty, they must(prenominal) walk away from the contract, allowing other companies that did not break the law to rebid on the contract. 3. Two Years of Probation companies that break the law will not be allowed to bid on any contracts in the industry in which the contract existed, i. . a contract with an Energy Company would prevent further bids on a ny contracts in the energy industry for two years. Lessons Learned 1. 2. 3. 4. A strong ethical culture is critical for effective incarnate governance. Merely publicizing the fill for integrity wont bring it about. Senior executives need to know what is going on throughout the organization. Strong internecine control is more important in a widely dispersed and decentralized company. 5. A focus on making the numbers will never be successful in the long run. Questions still needing to be answered 1.How acceptable are bribes and kickbacks in industrialized countries? 2. Who will go to jail, and how much will the financial settlements cost Siemens? 3. What will be the effect of the scandal on Siemenss strategic plans to acquire/dispose of business units? 4. Where were the internal and external auditors? 5. Can an outsider like new CEO Loscher really change an entrenched corporate culture? Reference Deresky, Helen. (2011). International Management Managing Across Borders and Cultures (7th Edition ed. ). Upper Saddle River Prentice Hall.

Pele

Adrian Corona tongue 101 Pele- Informative Speech Introduction 1. Attention Getter- My father always told me, football is a lay out from god, and god gave you this gift, just how he gives a song to a musician, or a singer. So you waste to take care of your health, how you prepare yourself, and you always have to respect your opponents, and if you do that you will be a great player and no one will stop you. This is one famous quote from Peles book My life, and The Beautiful Game. 2.Brief Intro- Edison Arantes do Nascimento, to a greater extent known as Pele was one of, if not the greatest footballer in the worldly concern. He was born on October 23, 1940 in Tres Coracoes, Brazil. At only 15, he began to play master key football, and made a huge impact in his team, as well as the field of study team. point though Edison was his real name, Pele caught on because it means a miracle in Hebrew. He did not like it at commencement exercise, but got use to it. He is regarded by many players and fans as the crush footballer of all clock. 3. Thesis- straightaway I will talk on behalf how and why Pele is known as the worlds dress hat footballer 4.Preview Statement- First I will talk about Peles youth career, next I will talk on behalf of his career stats, and highs, and finally I will talk on how Pele wedged the game in many ways. Body 1. Main Point 1- Peles Youth Career A. Pele was first spotted by an otherwise football star named Waldemar de Brito. He knew from the beginning that he had an indescribable talent, and had to be signed right away. So Pele began playing for Santos at 15 and his national team at 16, and won his first world cup at 17. a. even out though he had many offer from European clubs, he could not leave Brazil because of the law.He even was declared a national treasure in 1961 by President Janio Quadros of Brazil. b. This made him stay in Santos for almost two decades, but brought much conquest to the team, as well as for him. (Which I wi ll get into later) c. It seems as if Edison was born with a football. I remember that even before he could walk, he would have a ball with him, and once he could, well that was that. You would always see him playing with his little friends, and what kept him going was not only the do it of the game, but looking up to his father, says his mother in his book My Life and the Beautiful Game. transitional statement- Now I will move on to Peles many career stats, and all time career highs. Main Point 2- Pele Career Stats and Highs A. Supporting Point- At the end of his career, Pele was known as The dispirited Pearl, or The King Pele. This name caught on for many reasons. a. Pele was known for his accomplishments and contributions to the game of football. b. For one, Pele has many awards and records. some(a) of them are c. In 1999, he was voted Player of the Century by the International Federation of Football.In that same class Pele was elected Athlete of the Century by the Internationa l Olympic Committee and Reuters News Agency. d. He was the best well paid athlete of the world for his time. e. He is the most successful league scorer in the world with 541 league goals. In total, he scored 1281 in 1363 matches. f. Won the world cup 3 quantify (World Record 1958,1962, 1970) g. Won numerous titles with Santos, such as the Copa Libertadores, Intercontinental Cup. (Both in 1962, 1963), Supercopa de Campeones Internacionales (1968), and many, many more. These accomplishments are with Santos only, not the Cosmos) h. He was also one of the best players in the world cups he participated in, receiving the Silver Boot, Silver Ball, and opulent Ball. As well as the all time leading scorer with 77 goals in the national team. i. With a record high of 40 official titles, and a few more runner up titles, Pele without a doubt was considered as the greatest footballer of all time. j. Pele is also acknowledgeable for his vocal admit of policies to improve conditions for the poo r. He even dedicated his 1000th goal to the poor children of Brazil. . Even after retirement, Pele was distillery around serving as a worldwide ambassador and has taken many roles for participating in FIFA events such as promotions for the world cup. Transitional Statement- After getting some idea of his many accomplishments, I will finally talk about the ways Pele diversifyd the game of Football forever. Main Point 3- The change Pele brought to Football. A. Supporting Point- Pele brought many new ways to play football. a. For one, he was one of the first to do material tricks in a match of football.For example a top hat in his first world cup. No other team has ever seen something like this. b. Pele also set many new standards for the game. He set many records that people still try to break to this day. c. He also made other players strive to become as successful as he did. Made, and encouraged many players to become more than just a good player that they already are. d. He was one of the reasons why the prices in the contracts of footballers went up because when more than one team will bid for the same player, they added more money too it. e.And fit in to the New York Times, Pele is seen as an all rounded player, being the player that he was, and being committed to part out his country, which makes him almost unreachable by other footballers. Now I will conclude my emergence of The one and only Pele Conclusion- A. Pele is seen as the worlds best footballer. B. Today I have sensible you about Edison, or more known as Pele, and his youth career, career stats and highs, and how he changed the game forever. C. Even though there are many great footballers like Maradonna, Hugo Sanchez, Ronaldihno, and many others, no one has compared to The King, Pele.Works Cited scallywag 1. Fish, Robert L. Pele My Life and the Beautiful Game The Autobiography of Pele. London New English Library, 1978. Print. 2. A Biography of Pele. A Biography of Pele. Www. latinosport slegends. com, Apr. -May 2001. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. . 3. Cooper, Ben. Soccers Superlative. Soccers Superlative. New York Times, 04 June 1975. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. .

Modern Family: Show Review

Barren Modern Family Is a ordinary television show that underlines family value and sex roles. The show centers on a divorced father, Jay, and his two adult squirtren, Mitchell and Claire. Jay Is a wealthy, retired business man, who has re wed a younger Latino woman, with parole from a previous relationship, and Is very close In age to Claire. Mitchell is an inception gay man who recently married his partner, Cameron. Together they be raising their adopted Vietnamese young woman, Lilly.Claire is married to Phil, and together they have three teenage children. This show does an excellent job of displaying traditional and non-traditional roles within distributively household. All three of these families represent diversity within a traditional setting. It is constantly pushing boundaries by switching mixed messages for gender roles, traditional family values, non-traditional roles, and stomps in todays guild. For example, Mitchell is a full-time attorney, spell Cameron is a s tay-at-home(prenominal) dad.Cameron, who Is more feminine, has worked part-time Jobs in the past for extra money and self-worth. It can be said he Is portrayed as the wife In the relationship since he Is consistently shown doing the majority of the household duties and child rearing. Parts of the mixed messages that are gleamed from the show come In the form of comic relief. When Cameron goes home to the bring on he was raised on, he is portrayed in a more masculine role, to include a more dominant tone in his speech.In these scenes, Mitchell is portrayed as more feminine. Another example of a non-traditional role is Claimers family. At first glance, they appear to be very traditional however, there have just about non-traditional qualities. While they are a happily married straight couple raising three children together, they two work since Claire began running her fathers company. The show follows Claire dealing with traditional challenges women face in the work place much(pr enominal) as earning respect of her peers and gaining acceptance as a superior.The show Is a excellent representation of how society has changed and what constitutes a traditional family. The dichotomy ranges from a big strong man, Ewing very friendly In mien and a stay-at-home dad, to the stereotype of an older man marrying an inappropriately younger minority woman. The woman world slightly portrayed as only interested in the older man for his wealth, to a daughter attempting to fill her fathers shoes in the work place.As people have become more tolerant and evaluate of different people, cultures, and ways of life, it has opened the door to new possibilities. From Cameron providing support work in his family dynamic, to Gloria subtly providing term production desperately needed in Jays life o Claire living up to the stereotype of the sulfur shift routine, this show points out that as we look at a time diary of how gender roles in society have changed and how in our modern soc iety we define family, the basic themes of domestic savvy still plays an Impacting role to maintain a family.Modern Family Show Review By k-barren Modern Family is a popular television show that underlines family values and gender and Claire. Jay is a wealthy, retired business man, who has remarried a younger Latino woman, with son from a previous relationship, and is very close in age to s a full-time attorney, while Cameron is a stay-at-home dad.Cameron, who is more can be said he is portrayed as the wife in the relationship since he is consistently shown doing the majority of the household duties and child rearing. Parts of the mixed messages that are gleamed from the show come in the form of comic relief. As a superior. The show is a brilliant representation of how society has changed and being very feminine in demeanor and a stay-at-home dad, to the stereotype of an an impacting role to maintain a family.

Humanities Religion Paper Essay

Throughout the get over of this course I have learned what it takes to build a successful empire. There are umpteen tactics that are involved in constructing an empire that is stable, which include an effective irrigation dodge, having an army, land for crops to grow, a system of govern workforcet, the development of social categorisees, a trading system, tools and specialized skills for the making of goods, and a shared standpoint of phantasmal beliefs. The one thing that I found most intriguing is how throughout the period of magazine all(prenominal) civilization has had some sort of order system. A caste system is a social social system which separates individuals of a civilization into their inherited social stratum it can alike prohibit the marriage of cardinal individuals of different caste.In the time we live in now you can still separate bulk into a variety of different social classes such as upper class, upper upper-middle-class, middle-class, lower middle-class and poor. But lets rewind a few thousand years in to one of the earlier known civilizations, the Mesopotamians. The history of Mesopotamians can be separated into cardinal categories, the Sumerian period and the Semitic period. During these periods I see the caste system come into play because Priests were at the top of the chain, they were the ones who controlled religious and economic dealings. The equity Code of Hammurabi, I would also consider to be part of a caste system.Majority of the righteousness codes requirements deal with the relationship betwixt a husband and wife, along with the relationship between other members of the family, these are a couple of the passages from the code 131. If a man accuses his wife and she has not been interpreted lying with another man, she shall take an oath in the name of god and she shall return to her house (book). 145. If a man takes his wife and she does not present him with children, and he sets his face to take a concubine, that m an may take a concubine and bring her into his house (book). Even though these do not straight deal with a certain social standing they do however show the standing of women during this period, and also these laws would apply to anyone in any social class.The Egyptians had their own form of the caste system. Egypt was structured so that at that place was an upper and lower caste. They had a strongly controlled government ruled by one single ruler, the pharaoh. The pharaoh was regarded as a living god, the equal of any other deity (book). Right below the pharaoh was the priest, whose responsibility was to defend the tradition of religious beliefs. Pharaohs are at the top of the chain, government officials deteriorate straightaway below the pharaoh and lie down of nobles and priests. Next on the chain below the government officials would be the soldiers, merchants and artisans fell directly under the soldiers, farmers were bite to last on the chain and then at the very bottom you find the slaves.During ancient Greece time in the city of Athens, I see a form of the caste system fall into place. tender classes during the ancient Greece period applied strictly to men and women took their social standing from their husbands. Any person natural into an Athenian family is considered to be a citizen and part of the upper class during this period. The middle class was comprised with merchants, merchants were any men who were non-citizens and are ineligible to set about a citizen. The lower class was any freed slave. A slave could become free only if his/her ransom was paid off by a family member. Again you see the slaves fall at the very bottom of all caste systems. Athenians viewed their slaves as barbarians because most, if not all were from a strange region.I have also learned that the Romans had a set caste system. In my book it states that the Romans had an super hard working middle class that were prone to their central government. When I was reading this, all I could think about is how my family would be considered middle class and how hard working both my parents are. They are devoted to making sure I am provided with what I need, which is what Augustine wanted for the Romans. Augustines social reforms were intended directly at the upper classes and were anticipated to return his people to traditional family values.During the Roman republic citizens were split into two classes the patricians and the plebeians. Patricians also known as aristocrats filled the upper class they had elite rights to the Roman Senate and magistrates. The lower class was known as the plebeians. The plebeians would elect leaders to represent them and their interests while also protecting the lower class people against states officials who treated them discriminatorily.The Aryans are the true developers of the caste system. They made a separation between grandeur and the common people. The caste system of the Aryans divided their society into castes o f priesthood, the warriors, the laborers and the serfs. India went through many changes and so did their caste system. The caste system was one the shaping social forces in India, reinforced by many laws concerning marriage, table exclusion, laws of rituals rightness and so on (book). I have found the caste system of India the most fascinating so far, I believe it most accurately represents the way we caste individuals now.